After 503 Years, Mexico Welcomes Its First Woman President

In a defining moment for Mexican history, Claudia Sheinbaum Pardo took the Presidential Sash on October 1, 2024, marking the first time a woman has assumed the office of president in Mexico. Before a packed General Congress, Sheinbaum acknowledged the gravity of her ascent in a speech that underscored a powerful new era for women and a decisive shift in Mexico's socio-political landscape. Her inauguration symbolizes a "Fourth Transformation," a term coined to signify a collective shift in the public life of Mexico, and a significant stride toward gender parity that has resonated across Latin America and beyond.

This historic occasion brought together a crowd of supporters and dignitaries, including delegates from over 100 countries and an assembly of international organizations and global media. They gathered to witness Sheinbaum accept the Presidential Sash from Ifigenia Martha Martínez y Hernández, President of the Chamber of Deputies, who herself had received it from the outgoing president, Andrés Manuel López Obrador. Breaking protocol with a wave of enthusiasm, the chamber resounded with chants of “President! President! President!” as Sheinbaum ascended to the nation’s highest office.

Sheinbaum’s inauguration is a turning point not only for Mexico but also for the global feminist movement, encapsulating the progress and the battles yet to be won. The historic moment was enhanced by a cadre of female cadets who supported her in the stands—a first for Mexico's military as well as its government. Their presence symbolized an era that elevates women's roles in the state and signals the state’s commitment to furthering gender equity.

Reflecting on her ascent, Sheinbaum declared, “We arrived together,” emphasizing that her presidency is not a solo victory but a collective breakthrough for Mexican women. She honored both “the heroines of our country” and “the anonymous heroines,” recognizing the unspoken contributions of countless women whose efforts, whether from the home, the streets, or the workplace, have pushed Mexico to this moment. Her words captured the spirit of the historic occasion, as she paid homage to “those who fought and achieved it and those who fought and did not.”

The weight of her words resonated beyond the chamber walls and across the nation. For millions, Sheinbaum’s presidency is a testament to progress—a movement beyond the limitations imposed by gender, breaking away from a history in which women, until now, were rarely seen in the corridors of ultimate power. Today, Mexican women see themselves reflected in the highest office, a sight unimaginable for previous generations.

Sheinbaum’s presidency is seen as the second stage of the “Fourth Transformation,” an initiative launched by her predecessor, López Obrador. This vision for Mexico draws on historical turning points that transformed the country—namely, the Independence Movement, the Reform, and the Mexican Revolution. Each of these periods introduced sweeping changes to Mexican society, challenging the status quo and redefining the nation’s core values. The Fourth Transformation aims to build a more inclusive, equitable Mexico, with Sheinbaum’s presidency adding an essential layer: gender parity in political and civic life.

Under her leadership, Sheinbaum has vowed to address the economic, social, and security challenges that continue to impact Mexican citizens. Her platform reflects a commitment to build on López Obrador’s legacy with a stronger focus on social reform. Education, healthcare, and women’s rights are at the forefront of her policy agenda. And, in a country where organized crime and violence often dominate headlines, Sheinbaum has pledged to bring a new approach to security, emphasizing both enforcement and social welfare as integral components.

The inauguration was attended by leaders from around the globe, signaling the importance of this transition on the international stage. Notable among the dignitaries were 15 presidents, predominantly from Latin America, who came in solidarity with Sheinbaum’s historic ascent. The widespread global attendance underscored the international significance of Mexico's new political chapter, as Sheinbaum’s presidency signals hope for greater female representation across Latin America’s political landscape.

This change is also resonating domestically, as members from all sectors of Mexican society look forward to her leadership. Analysts observe that Sheinbaum’s presidency could be the catalyst that encourages a wave of female leadership throughout the region, especially in fields that have been traditionally dominated by men. Mexico’s new cabinet, formed in accordance with the president's mandate for parity, has also been a focal point. Every ministry and department now has equal representation of men and women, setting an unprecedented example for the country’s political institutions.

A key pillar of Sheinbaum’s policy agenda is the advancement of women's rights and a commitment to gender parity across all branches of government and society. Her administration is expected to create new policies aimed at addressing longstanding issues of violence against women, economic inequality, and barriers to education and healthcare that disproportionately affect women in Mexico.

Sheinbaum’s arrival has also inspired a broader cultural shift within Mexico. From the Zócalo to the smallest communities, women from all walks of life are expressing hope that the new administration will foster genuine progress in female empowerment, not just through policy but through social transformation. “We are witnessing not just the arrival of a new president,” noted Senator Martha Lucía Micher, a longtime advocate for gender equality, “but the arrival of a new reality for all Mexican women.”

Despite the optimism surrounding her presidency, Sheinbaum is under no illusions about the work that lies ahead. Her administration faces steep challenges in reducing poverty, tackling corruption, and addressing the ongoing security issues that affect all Mexicans. To address these, Sheinbaum has laid out a strategy that emphasizes transparency, efficiency, and a reimagining of social safety nets.

Her administration's success will also depend on cooperation with opposition parties, who have vowed to keep a vigilant watch on her policies. Nevertheless, Sheinbaum’s election has created a rare moment of bipartisan acknowledgment that her leadership could usher in a pivotal period for the country. Many in the opposition have acknowledged the significance of her presidency and expressed a willingness to collaborate on areas of shared concern.

A Nod to the Past, A Vision for the Future

As Claudia Sheinbaum took the helm as Mexico's first female president, she paid heartfelt tribute to her predecessor, Andrés Manuel López Obrador, describing him as “the most important political leader and social fighter in modern history.” In her inaugural address, Sheinbaum called on the nation to reflect on López Obrador’s transformative six-year administration, lauding his legacy as a testament to what she calls a "peaceful revolution"—the Fourth Transformation of Mexico's public life.

“For millions,” Sheinbaum declared to the members of Congress and the nation, “he is the best president of Mexico,” a figure comparable only to the revered Lázaro Cárdenas, whose impact reshaped Mexico's trajectory in the 20th century. The president highlighted achievements under López Obrador that have led to economic growth and poverty alleviation, even as the country remained fiscally disciplined and socially focused. Sheinbaum emphasized how these years saw Mexico challenge entrenched inequalities and establish economic policies that created a stronger currency and higher employment, benefiting citizens and businesses alike. Her message to Congress and the public was clear: López Obrador’s transformation has set a new course for Mexico that she now intends to deepen and expand.

In her address, Sheinbaum outlined her plan to continue and enhance what she calls “Mexican humanism,” a philosophy rooted in prioritizing social welfare, economic independence, and national values over international neoliberal pressures. This development model, she said, has already produced tangible results. “How is it that 9.5 million Mexicans, according to the World Bank, escaped poverty in just six years?” she asked, framing Mexico’s accomplishments as unique among both emerging and developed economies.

Sheinbaum cited several achievements as indicators of success: a record 9.5 million citizens lifted from poverty, stable inflation rates despite rising wages, and soaring foreign direct investment. According to Sheinbaum, the answers to these economic puzzles lie in the transformation of the development model itself, which shifted focus from “the regime of corruption and privileges” to one founded on integrity and “love for the people.” This approach, she said, embodies the essence of Mexican humanism, a model with roots in Mexico’s history and social values.

Under her leadership, Sheinbaum promised continuity in social welfare programs and announced that Congress is close to enshrining these benefits in the constitution, ensuring their permanence. This policy, she emphasized, would act as a safeguard against future administrations, preserving the rights and benefits López Obrador's administration extended to millions of citizens.

Sheinbaum’s speech also introduced an ambitious infrastructure agenda aimed at transforming the country’s connectivity and accessibility. She announced expansions to López Obrador's flagship Tren Maya project, which will extend to Puerto Progreso in Yucatán, further linking the country’s most remote regions to economic hubs. This sprawling 1,500-kilometer network will not only serve passengers but will also accommodate freight, making it an essential artery for domestic commerce.

Sheinbaum also committed to completing the Interoceanic Train Line K, which will connect Ciudad Ixtepec to Ciudad Hidalgo on the Guatemalan border, thereby strengthening Mexico’s logistical and trade ties with its southern neighbors. In an impressive infrastructure push, she plans to more than double the length of passenger rail routes, with proposed lines extending from Mexico City to Pachuca, Nuevo Laredo, and Nogales, as well as reviving the historic rail connection between Mexico City and Veracruz.

These projects, she argues, will be the backbone of a connected Mexico, facilitating commerce, tourism, and regional economic integration. They also signal Mexico’s commitment to developing a sustainable transportation network that could reduce highway congestion and greenhouse gas emissions, a goal that aligns with Sheinbaum’s previously demonstrated commitment to environmental stewardship.

Turning to foreign policy, Sheinbaum reaffirmed Mexico's dedication to international cooperation and strategic economic alliances, particularly with Latin America and the Caribbean. Her administration, she noted, will build on the foundation set by López Obrador and prioritize strengthening the Treaty between Mexico, the United States, and Canada (T-MEC). This critical economic framework, she emphasized, will be a focal point of Mexico’s trade policy and a key driver for sustained growth, job creation, and labor rights improvements.

Sheinbaum’s approach to foreign policy aims to deepen Mexico's presence on the global stage as a leader in Latin America, a role that positions the country as an advocate for regional cooperation. Her administration will work to ensure that T-MEC and other agreements do not merely serve the interests of big business but actively contribute to the welfare of the people. She vowed that Mexico’s diplomacy would be both principled and pragmatic, enhancing trade, investment, and cultural exchanges in a way that respects Mexico’s autonomy and values.

Perhaps most strikingly, Sheinbaum made a plea for national unity and reconciliation. Aware of the divisions that have historically plagued Mexican politics, she addressed all factions and ideologies, promising an administration that would govern “for everyone.” She assured citizens that she would bring “knowledge, strength, history, and my life itself at the service of the people and the country.” Her message of inclusivity and reconciliation struck a chord, with even members of the opposition offering restrained congratulations and goodwill.

Throughout her address, Sheinbaum underscored the need to set aside past divisions and work toward common goals, suggesting that her administration could serve as a bridge between contrasting political ideologies. By promoting mutual respect and understanding, she envisions a future where Mexico’s diverse perspectives can coalesce around the vision of a fair, prosperous nation that prioritizes its people.

Though Sheinbaum's administration begins with optimism, the path forward is not without formidable challenges. Economic disparities, crime, and concerns over governance still weigh heavily on the nation. Observers note that her legacy will depend on her ability to navigate these issues while maintaining the stability and growth achieved under López Obrador.

Furthermore, Sheinbaum faces the task of balancing continuity with innovation. While her commitment to López Obrador’s policies reflects her respect for his legacy, she will need to adapt and respond to new economic realities and the evolving needs of Mexico’s citizens. How she will approach these tests remains to be seen, but her emphasis on transparency and inclusivity has set a tone that many hope will define her administration.

President Sheinbaum's Blueprint for Change

In a sweeping address to thousands gathered in Mexico City’s historic main square, President Claudia Sheinbaum laid out her ambitious plan for Mexico’s future, presenting 100 transformative commitments aimed at redefining governance, economic development, and social equity. Her vision, delivered on the heels of her historic inauguration, signals a new era of reform that seeks to address everything from anti-corruption efforts and clean energy initiatives to labor rights and technological advancement.

Speaking to a crowd that included legislators, local leaders, and citizens from across the nation, Sheinbaum emphasized a commitment to modernization and inclusivity. “Today marks not only a new administration but a renewed dedication to the prosperity, dignity, and empowerment of every Mexican,” she declared. The 100 commitments announced reveal a strategy aimed at enhancing economic growth while fostering social equity and environmental sustainability.

At the core of Sheinbaum’s agenda is a promise to address systemic corruption, a persistent issue in Mexican governance. She outlined the formation of the Anti-Corruption and Good Government Secretariat, a dedicated body that will lead anti-graft efforts, enhance transparency, and reinforce accountability within government institutions. This new entity reflects Sheinbaum’s belief that ethical governance is a pillar of sustainable progress, and she stressed that eradicating corruption is essential to restoring public trust.

Additionally, Sheinbaum announced reforms targeting election costs and political nepotism. “From 2030 onward, re-elections will be prohibited, and the practice of promoting relatives within government will come to an end,” she stated. These measures aim to address public concerns over electoral costs and perceived favoritism within Mexican politics, ushering in a new standard of impartiality and integrity.

In a notable policy shift, Sheinbaum committed to implementing a 40-hour work week, aligning Mexico with global standards and ensuring greater work-life balance for its citizens. The reform is designed to promote productivity while fostering a healthier and more sustainable work culture.

In tandem with labor reform, Sheinbaum’s administration will introduce economic support for women between the ages of 60 and 64, a move that addresses a demographic often overlooked by traditional social programs. Additionally, her commitment to extend scholarships from preschool to high school, combined with expanded school hours that incorporate physical and artistic education, underscores her dedication to improving educational access and quality for Mexico’s youth.

Sheinbaum’s economic strategy is deeply intertwined with environmental and technological advancements. She announced an ambitious plan to promote electromobility, reducing Mexico’s reliance on gasoline and aligning the nation with global trends toward greener transportation options. Coupled with this commitment is a promise to encourage the use of photovoltaic panels in residential areas, promoting renewable energy adoption at the household level.

“Mexico must be at the forefront of the global clean energy transition,” Sheinbaum emphasized, announcing the creation of 100 industrial parks that will foster economic growth and provide jobs while adhering to sustainable practices.

The president also unveiled initiatives to simplify and digitize bureaucratic processes, facilitating tax payments through mobile phones and reducing administrative bottlenecks for citizens and businesses alike. These efforts are expected to enhance economic efficiency, improve access to government services, and encourage further investment.

In a bold step toward positioning Mexico as a technological hub, Sheinbaum pledged to launch a Mexican satellite into orbit. The initiative reflects her administration’s commitment to establishing Mexico as a competitive player in space technology and communications. This move is expected to boost connectivity for rural and remote areas, closing the digital divide and providing greater access to information and services for underserved populations.

Beyond space initiatives, Sheinbaum’s economic plan includes a focus on producing high-demand technology components, such as semiconductors, lithium, software, and drones. This shift aligns with global trends in supply chain diversification, as countries seek to reduce reliance on international markets for critical technologies. By fostering local production, Sheinbaum aims to position Mexico as a reliable supplier in the global tech landscape.

Infrastructure development stands as a cornerstone of Sheinbaum’s vision for Mexico’s economic future. Building on the momentum of her predecessor’s investments in public transportation, she announced plans for five new train lines that will further connect Mexico’s major cities and regions. New routes from Mexico City to Pachuca, Nuevo Laredo, and Nogales are expected to enhance connectivity and promote regional economic growth, while the revival of the passenger line to Veracruz underscores her commitment to sustainable travel options.

Additionally, Sheinbaum promised that her administration would undertake extensive road repairs, addressing potholes across 4,000 kilometers of highways. By focusing on both urban and rural infrastructure, her government seeks to improve transportation efficiency, reduce vehicle maintenance costs for citizens, and promote safe travel across the nation.

Ahead of Sheinbaum’s inaugural ceremony, legislators from various parliamentary groups took to the floor to voice their support and concerns regarding the new administration’s agenda. Deputy Sergio Carlos Gutiérrez Luna, representing Morena, framed the inauguration as a culmination of “decades of effort and sacrifice,” especially for women’s rights and gender equality.

He emphasized the struggles faced by Mexican women to secure their right to live without violence, to make their own decisions, and to work toward true empowerment. “Today, we prioritize a fruitful and respectful dialogue,” he stated, urging all parties to set aside differences in favor of cooperation for the nation’s progress.

The sentiment of unity and mutual respect was evident throughout the day’s events, as representatives across the political spectrum offered congratulations and good wishes to Sheinbaum. Her election and inauguration, many noted, symbolize a breakthrough moment for women in Mexico and a reaffirmation of the country’s commitment to social and gender equity.

As she concluded her address to the crowd, Sheinbaum made a personal pledge to Mexico, vowing to put her “knowledge, strength, history, and life” in service to the nation. This commitment to inclusivity and shared progress resonated with a public eager for a leader capable of bridging political divides.

Throughout her speech, Sheinbaum emphasized the importance of social harmony and reconciliation, calling for cooperation across partisan lines to achieve shared goals. The day’s events were infused with a sense of optimism as supporters and political figures alike expressed hope for a presidency that could unite Mexico’s diverse political landscape and deliver on promises for a more equitable society.

Lawmakers Weigh In on Claudia Sheinbaum’s Leadership

As President Claudia Sheinbaum assumed office, the historic significance of her inauguration was echoed across Mexico’s political spectrum. Lawmakers from all major parties took to the podium to reflect on the moment and offer their support, albeit cautiously, for the nation’s first female president. In speeches that underscored both the promise and the challenges of her administration, congressional leaders signaled their hope for unity and transformation, as well as the imperative for accountability and bipartisan cooperation in addressing the country’s pressing issues.

Deputy Ricardo Monreal Ávila, a prominent member of Sheinbaum’s Morena party, voiced his approval of the president’s historic rise as a powerful symbol for women across Mexico. “Today,” he declared, “I can tell you that the people of Mexico are happy—women, mothers, grandmothers, daughters, the helpless and the unprotected. All arrive today with Claudia Sheinbaum.” In a powerful tribute, Monreal invoked the legacy of iconic women from Mexican history, such as Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz, Leona Vicario, and Josefa Ortiz de Domínguez, framing Sheinbaum as a continuation of their pioneering spirit.

Monreal emphasized that Sheinbaum’s election was no mere token gesture; rather, it represents the ascension of women based on “their worth, their honor, their performance, their bravery.” According to Monreal, Sheinbaum’s leadership is a celebration not only for women but also for men across Mexico who recognize the value of gender equality in governance.

Senator María Guadalupe Murguía Gutiérrez of the conservative National Action Party (PAN) struck a respectful but cautious tone in her address. Acknowledging the historic nature of Sheinbaum’s presidency, she reflected on the decades-long journey Mexican women have taken to reach this moment. “After 71 years of the right to vote and be voted for, today is the time of Mexican women,” she stated. Murguía expressed optimism that Sheinbaum’s leadership would bring positive changes for Mexico but emphasized her hope that Sheinbaum would assert her autonomy from partisan interests to govern equitably for all Mexicans.

At the same time, Murguía outlined two substantial challenges for Sheinbaum’s administration: restoring order and fostering unity and national reconciliation. Her words served as a reminder that Sheinbaum, although celebrated for her historic achievement, faces the complex responsibility of managing a divided political climate while upholding security, stability, and social cohesion.

Senator Manuel Velasco Coello, representing the Green Party (PVEM), pledged his support for Sheinbaum’s administration, particularly in advancing environmental initiatives. Describing Sheinbaum as “an environmentalist by conviction,” Velasco emphasized that his parliamentary group stands ready to champion her environmental policies as part of the broader transformation agenda. Velasco’s commitment reflects PVEM’s stance to prioritize environmental sustainability and sustainable development under Sheinbaum’s leadership.

Notably, Velasco promised that his party would support the president’s vision “without hesitation or haggling and above personal, partisan, or group interests,” positioning the Green Party as an unwavering ally in the push for progressive change.

Deputy Reginaldo Sandoval Flores of the Workers’ Party (PT) took to the floor with an optimistic vision for the future. Describing Sheinbaum as the “builder of the second floor of the Fourth Transformation,” Sandoval celebrated her commitment to leftist principles as foundational to her leadership. “Today, the construction of a new regime begins, and the Mexican State is changing,” he asserted, suggesting that Sheinbaum’s administration will mark a shift in governance with an emphasis on equity and social justice.

Sandoval framed Sheinbaum’s inauguration as a new chapter in Mexican history, one where the Executive Branch would more explicitly serve the people, especially the marginalized and underserved. His words align with PT’s longstanding mission to address economic inequality and social welfare—values they expect Sheinbaum to prioritize during her term.

Senator Alejandro Moreno Cárdenas of the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) called for collective efforts to support the country through this period of transition. Recognizing the enormity of the tasks before Sheinbaum, Moreno urged a united front, emphasizing that “all of us must give our best in this hour of the country.” His appeal focused on the necessity of safeguarding Mexico’s democratic institutions, particularly through unwavering adherence to the Constitution.

Moreno’s statement reflected PRI’s stance on governance—balancing respect for established institutions with the desire for transformation. “The best way to preserve the Republic is to respect the Political Constitution,” he said, adding that Mexico’s future rests on consensus, equality, security, and freedom. By emphasizing constitutional values, Moreno subtly reminded Sheinbaum’s administration of its duty to govern within the framework of Mexico’s laws, ensuring that reforms are achieved through lawful and democratic means.

Deputy Ivonne Aracelly Ortega Pacheco of the Citizen’s Movement (MC) extended a hand of solidarity while underscoring the independence of her party. Addressing Sheinbaum’s presidency as a landmark achievement, Ortega promised the president a relationship rooted in “sisterhood, but not complicity; dialogue, not submission; and respect, but never subjugation.”

Ortega’s message reflects the Citizen’s Movement’s commitment to a constructive but independent role in government. Although MC supports Sheinbaum’s efforts toward gender equality and progressive governance, Ortega’s words signal that the party intends to maintain a critical perspective, championing transparency and accountability within the administration.

Lawmakers Signal Support and Accountability

As Claudia Sheinbaum embarks on her tenure as Mexico’s first female president, the legislative landscape reflects both optimism and a watchful pragmatism. Leaders from across the political spectrum acknowledged the significance of her ascent and offered varying degrees of support, though many reminded Sheinbaum of the challenges ahead. Her administration, they cautioned, will need to address pressing issues from economic disparities and social justice to environmental sustainability and national security.

In the words of Ricardo Monreal, Sheinbaum’s presidency marks a milestone for all Mexicans, symbolizing a new era of gender equality in leadership. However, the support offered by lawmakers such as María Guadalupe Murguía and Alejandro Moreno was tempered by calls for autonomy, transparency, and a respect for constitutional principles. Meanwhile, Velasco and Sandoval reaffirmed their commitment to Sheinbaum’s transformation agenda, viewing her presidency as an opportunity to push forward long-awaited environmental and social reforms.

Amid these mixed messages, Sheinbaum’s historic inauguration stands as a powerful symbol of progress in a country that, only a few generations ago, could not envision a woman leading its highest office. As the nation looks forward, the coming months will test Sheinbaum’s ability to deliver on her transformative promises and foster an era of inclusive, effective governance.

Her mandate is clear, but her path remains complex. For many Mexicans, however, this moment marks a turning point—a testament to the progress Mexico has achieved, and a harbinger of the work yet to be done. In Claudia Sheinbaum, they see not just a leader, but a new chapter in Mexico’s unfolding story.

In-text Citation: (Bahena, 2024, pp. 12-15)