How Charrería Became the Coolest National Sport in Mexico

When it comes to understanding the heart and soul of Jalisco, one cannot overlook the central role that charrería, the National Sport of Mexico, plays in the state's culture. With a rich history intertwined with the region's dominant cattle industry and the birthplace of the country's first charro team, Jalisco stands as a stronghold of this globally recognized activity.

While some historians argue that charrería originated in Hidalgo, it was in Jalisco where it truly flourished and developed. The Los Altos region, particularly in Lagos de Moreno, is regarded as the cradle of charrería. Exporting cattle to the rest of the country since the 16th century, this area's breeding and management practices naturally involved the use of horses, leading to the birth of charrería.

"It's quite curious that an activity rooted in the movement of cattle to consumption centers originated the day a Spanish picador chased a young bull in an open field and brought it down by its tail," mused historian José María Muriá.

According to Héctor Medina, an anthropologist and renowned researcher of the discipline in Mexico and Spain, charrería evolved from bullfighting festivities that took place across Spain, Portugal, and various parts of Latin America. "What we know as charrería today is a popular adaptation of Ibero-American bullfighting celebrations. Playing with bulls or heifers has been a beloved pastime for centuries, and charrería emerged as one of the formalized and regulated forms of this spectacle and sport at the beginning of the 20th century, coinciding with Mexico's Independence centennial," explained the CIESAS Occidente research professor.

The Rise of Charros de Jalisco

In 1920, the Jalisco Charros Association was established, becoming the country's first organized charro representation. Under the leadership of Ignacio F. Sahagún, one of its founders and first president, this association enjoyed social success, inspiring the formation of several other charro teams over time. Zapopan, Laguense de Charros, El Amigo de Sayula, Unión de San Antonio, Puerto Vallarta, Arandense, Huejuquilla, Tapatía, Colotlán, Regionales de Jalisco, and Alteña all emerged between the 1920s and 1930s, each finding shelter and support from the Charros de Jalisco.

The influence of charrería on Mexican society was so profound that in 1931, then President Pascual Ortiz Rubio designated September 14 as Charro Day. Two years later, President Abelardo L. Rodríguez decreed charrería as a National Sport. In December 2016, charrería was further honored as Intangible Heritage of Humanity by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO).

"The charro is an emblem that distinguishes Mexico worldwide. Society recognizes and appreciates the charro's presence, earned through their tenacity and continuous dedication. It's the most Mexican of sports and is rightfully considered a national sport," proudly declared Carlos Sánchez Mariscal, a seasoned journalist with nearly 35 years of experience in charrería.

Presently, there are over a thousand charro associations in Mexico, and the sport is also practiced in various communities in the United States. Of all the states, Jalisco boasts the highest number of charro associations, with 125 teams. It comes as no surprise, then, that Jalisco teams have clinched nearly 30 percent of all national championships held to date.

Among these, the Charros de Jalisco association stands out as synonymous with sports success, having secured the National Championship title the most times— an impressive 12 titles to their name.

The dynasty of the Charros de Jalisco began in 1958 when they have crowned champions in their home facilities located behind Agua Azul Park, giving rise to their affectionate nickname, "Los Bigotones" (The Mustachioed Ones). The following year, they repeated their victory in Puebla.

The subsequent championships came in 1961, 1968, 1972, 1976, 1977, 1978, 1978 (yes, twice in the same year), 1983, 1985, 1989, and 2003, with the latter taking place in Lagos de Moreno. In total, Jalisco teams have emerged victorious in 28 out of the 77 editions of the National Championship, with representatives from the state claiming the title in 22 complete charro modalities. Among these champions, the name of Andrés "Nito" Aceves shines brightest, having secured the title an astounding eight times.

In the metropolitan area of Guadalajara alone, there are approximately 40 "lienzos" or arenas dedicated to charrería. Across the state of Jalisco, the number of teams reaches an impressive 125.

"Jalisco has been intricately involved in all aspects of charrería: cultural, social, and sports. The state has played a pivotal role in the development and promotion of this beloved activity," emphasized journalist Carlos Sánchez Mariscal.

Charrería's Influence on Politics

Charrería, which originated in rural settings, has also found its place in political life and the arts throughout Mexico. From its inception, charrería has had strong ties to prominent landowners and influential business figures who have shaped the course of the state and the nation.

Notable figures such as former President Lázaro Cárdenas del Río, actors and singers Jorge Negrete and Vicente Fernández (the latter having his charro association), as well as bullfighter Juan Silveti and rejoneadora Conchita Cintrón, have all demonstrated their love for charrería.

Interestingly, even former U.S. President Ronald Reagan, who was also known for his acting career, had a connection to the Charros de Jalisco. He hosted events featuring charrería at his hacienda in California.

"The charro is more than just a man dressed in a distinctive costume or someone riding a bull or horse. It embodies an emblematic, mythical character that allows people to connect with a deep-rooted past," explained anthropologist Héctor Medina.

It is worth noting that charrería would be incomplete without the presence and significant contributions of women. Since the 1920s, women have played a fundamental role in charrería, accompanying the charros in their adventures. Their presence has added color and beauty to this dynamic activity.

In 1989, the inclusion of skirmishes in the National Championships brought the participation of women to the forefront. Since then, seven teams from Jalisco have secured the title, with the Alteñitas de Guadalajara emerging as the most successful, boasting five championship victories.

Charrería: The Soul of Jalisco's Cultural Heritage

In the most recent edition of the National Championships in 2022, the representatives of Rancho El Herradero from Tlajomulco claimed the coveted title, showcasing the enduring passion and talent that charrería continues to inspire in Jalisco.

Charrería is not merely a sport; it is a symbol of Mexican heritage and cultural identity. Rooted in the traditions of the countryside, this iconic activity has woven its way into the fabric of Jalisco's history and society. As the state with the most charro associations and a remarkable track record of championship victories, Jalisco proudly upholds its reputation as the stronghold of charrería.

In conclusion, charrería stands as a testament to the rich cultural heritage of Jalisco and Mexico as a whole. Its origins intertwined with the cattle industry and its evolution shaped by bullfighting festivities, charrería has become an integral part of the Mexican identity. With its formal recognition as a National Sport and the prestigious title of Intangible Heritage of Humanity, charrería continues to captivate and inspire people both within Mexico and around the world.

Beyond the sport itself, charrería reflects the resilience, tenacity, and passion deeply embedded in the Mexican spirit. It serves as a reminder of the importance of tradition, camaraderie, and the celebration of cultural heritage. From the historical significance of the Charros de Jalisco association to the enduring contributions of women, charrería paints a vibrant picture of Mexico's past, present, and future.

So, the next time you find yourself in Jalisco, make sure to immerse yourself in the world of charrería. Witness the skilled horsemanship, marvel at the colorful traditional costumes, and feel the palpable excitement of this beloved sport. Charrería is not just a national sport; it is an experience that encapsulates the essence of Mexico—a captivating blend of tradition, skill, and the indomitable spirit of the charro. Remember, in Jalisco, charrería isn't just a sport; it's a way of life.

In-Text Citation: Moisés López,  Grupo Reforma, www.mural.com.mx/jalisco-200-estado-con-alma-charra/ar2612058?v=7.